An organization's written policies and procedures document the organization's expectations, based on:

The correct answer revolves around how an organization's written policies and procedures are fundamentally shaped by its organizational model, along with its strategic and operational plans. These documents encapsulate the core values, mission, and vision of the organization, which are laid out in the organizational model.

Strategic plans outline the long-term goals and objectives, offering a roadmap for where the organization intends to go and how it plans to get there. Operational plans, on the other hand, deal with the day-to-day operations that support these strategic goals. Policies and procedures are essential as they set clear expectations and guidelines for employees, ensuring that daily actions align with the broader objectives defined in these plans.

In contrast, the other options touch on different aspects of organizational behavior and management but do not directly address the foundational role that the organizational model and planning documents play in guiding written policies and procedures. For example, methods used to empower or motivate personnel are important for the work environment but do not encapsulate the overarching framework that shapes formal policies.