Body language, vocal tone and volume, and personal appearance are elements of:

The correct choice, nonverbal communications, encompasses the various ways individuals convey messages without using words. This includes body language, which refers to facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact, all of which can express feelings and attitudes. Vocal tone and volume pertain to how something is said rather than the words themselves, influencing the interpretation of the message. Personal appearance can also play a significant role in communication by setting the stage for interactions and influencing first impressions. Together, these elements work to enhance or contradict verbal communication, making them crucial to understanding and effectively engaging in interactions.

The other options focus on different aspects. Active participation involves engaging fully in discussions or activities, while emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and those of others. Democratic leadership refers to a leadership style that encourages group participation in decision-making. None of these capture the essence of nonverbal communication as thoroughly as the correct answer does.