Organizational policies originate with top _____ and are disseminated to lower levels for implementation.

Organizational policies are typically formulated by top management, which includes executives and senior leaders responsible for setting the strategic direction and overall vision of the organization. They take into account various factors such as the organization's goals, compliance requirements, and the external environment to create policies that guide the operations and behavior of employees across all levels.

Once these policies are established, they are communicated down through the organizational hierarchy to ensure that all employees understand and implement them in their daily activities. This dissemination process is crucial for maintaining consistency and alignment with the organization's objectives. Other roles, like supervisors, customers, and subordinates, may play supportive or operational roles, but the originating authority and responsibility for policy creation lie firmly with top management.